Shak's Blog » nobel prize 2009 http://www.shakeeltariq.com Technology bites Tue, 27 Jul 2010 22:17:05 +0000 en hourly 1 http://wordpress.org/?v=3.0 Ostrom, Williamson Win Nobel Prize for Economics – WSJ.com http://www.shakeeltariq.com/2009/10/12/ostrom-williamson-win-nobel-prize-for-economics-wsj-com/ http://www.shakeeltariq.com/2009/10/12/ostrom-williamson-win-nobel-prize-for-economics-wsj-com/#comments Mon, 12 Oct 2009 14:13:02 +0000 Shakeel Tariq http://www.shakeeltariq.com/?p=249 Nobel Prize winners in economics

Two American economists, Elinor Ostrom and Oliver Williamson, who study the way decisions are made outside the markets on which many other economists focus, were awarded the Nobel Prize in economics Monday.Ms. Ostrom, who teaches at Indiana University in Bloomington, Ind., is the first woman to win the prize, which, before Monday, had been awarded to 62 men since it was launched in 1969 to celebrate the 300th anniversary of the Swedish central bank. The judges cited “her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons,” the way in which natural resources are managed as shared resources. It is an area of research that she said was relevant to questions surrounding global warming, and suggests that decisions by individuals can help solve the problem even as governments work to reach an international agreement.

Ms. Ostrom “challenged the conventional wisdom that common property is poorly managed and should be either regulated by central authorities or privatized,” the Nobel judges said. “Based on numerous studies of user-managed fish stocks, pastures, woods, lakes, and groundwater basins, [Ms.] Ostrom concludes that the outcomes are, more often than not, better than predicted by standard theories. She observes that resource users frequently develop sophisticated mechanisms for decision-making and rule enforcement to handle conflicts of interest, and she characterizes the rules that promote successful outcomes.”

Ms. Ostrom, who was interviewed by phone during the announcement press conference in Stockholm, described the prize as “an immense surprise,” and said, “I’m still a little bit in shock.”

Her doctorate is in political science, but she considers herself a political economist.

Mr. Williamson, who is at the University of California at Berkeley, was cited for “for his analysis of economic governance, especially the boundaries of the firm” — the reason some economic decisions are made at arm’s length in markets and others are made inside a corporation.

“The drawback of markets is that they often entail haggling and disagreement,” the judges said. “The drawback of firms is that authority, which mitigates contention, can be abused. Competitive markets work relatively well because buyers and sellers can turn to other trading partners in case of dissent. But when market competition is limited, firms are better suited for conflict resolution than markets. A key prediction of [Mr.] Williamson’s theory, which has also been supported empirically, is therefore that the propensity of economic agents to conduct their transactions inside the boundaries of a firm increases along with the relationship-specific features of their assets.”

The economics prize is the only one of the six Nobel prizes not created in Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel’s 1896 will, and is officially known as the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel.

The two economists will share a 10 million kronor prize (about $1.4 million). Ms. Ostrom said she hopes to devote the proceeds to supporting research and graduate students.

via Ostrom, Williamson Win Nobel Prize for Economics – WSJ.com.

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]]> http://www.shakeeltariq.com/2009/10/12/ostrom-williamson-win-nobel-prize-for-economics-wsj-com/feed/ 0 3 Win Nobel for Ribosome Research http://www.shakeeltariq.com/2009/10/08/3-win-nobel-for-ribosome-research/ http://www.shakeeltariq.com/2009/10/08/3-win-nobel-for-ribosome-research/#comments Thu, 08 Oct 2009 01:33:00 +0000 Shakeel Tariq 3 Win Nobel for Ribosome Research – NYTimes.com
Three scientists who showed how the information encoded on strands of DNA is translated into the thousands of proteins that make up living matter will share the 2009 Nobel Prize for Chemistry, the Swedish Academy of Sciences said Wednesday.

The trio are Venkatraman Ramakrishnan of the M.R.C. Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, England; Thomas A. Steitz of Yale University; and Ada E. Yonath of the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel. Each will get a third of the prize, worth 10 million Swedish kronors total, or $1.4 million, in a Dec. 10 ceremony in Stockholm.

Working independently and using, among other things, the X-rays generated by powerful particle accelerators and prodigious computer calculations, the three winners and their colleagues succeeded in mapping the locations of the hundreds of thousands of atoms in the giant molecular complexes inside cells known as ribosomes. In a news release, the Swedish academy said the three were being honored “for having showed what the ribosome looks like and how it functions at the atomic level.”

The work, scientists said, has had important medical implications. Some antibiotics work by gumming up the ribosomes of bacteria, allowing those bacteria to be stopped at no danger to their host. The ribosome research, the academy said, is being used to develop new antibiotics.

Dr. Ramakrishnan was born in Chidambaram, India, in 1952 and obtained his Ph.D. at Ohio University. He holds United States citizenship. Dr. Steitz was born in Milwaukee in 1940 and got his Ph.D. from Harvard.

Dr. Yonath was born in Jerusalem in 1939, earned her Ph.D. at the Weizmann Institute of Science and has worked in Israel her whole life. She said on Wednesday that she was both surprised and not surprised at being awarded a Nobel Prize.

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]]> http://www.shakeeltariq.com/2009/10/08/3-win-nobel-for-ribosome-research/feed/ 1 3 Win Nobel for Ribosome Research http://www.shakeeltariq.com/2009/10/08/3-win-nobel-for-ribosome-research-2/ http://www.shakeeltariq.com/2009/10/08/3-win-nobel-for-ribosome-research-2/#comments Thu, 08 Oct 2009 01:33:00 +0000 Shakeel Tariq 3 Win Nobel for Ribosome Research – NYTimes.com
Three scientists who showed how the information encoded on strands of DNA is translated into the thousands of proteins that make up living matter will share the 2009 Nobel Prize for Chemistry, the Swedish Academy of Sciences said Wednesday.

The trio are Venkatraman Ramakrishnan of the M.R.C. Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, England; Thomas A. Steitz of Yale University; and Ada E. Yonath of the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel. Each will get a third of the prize, worth 10 million Swedish kronors total, or $1.4 million, in a Dec. 10 ceremony in Stockholm.

Working independently and using, among other things, the X-rays generated by powerful particle accelerators and prodigious computer calculations, the three winners and their colleagues succeeded in mapping the locations of the hundreds of thousands of atoms in the giant molecular complexes inside cells known as ribosomes. In a news release, the Swedish academy said the three were being honored “for having showed what the ribosome looks like and how it functions at the atomic level.”

The work, scientists said, has had important medical implications. Some antibiotics work by gumming up the ribosomes of bacteria, allowing those bacteria to be stopped at no danger to their host. The ribosome research, the academy said, is being used to develop new antibiotics.

Dr. Ramakrishnan was born in Chidambaram, India, in 1952 and obtained his Ph.D. at Ohio University. He holds United States citizenship. Dr. Steitz was born in Milwaukee in 1940 and got his Ph.D. from Harvard.

Dr. Yonath was born in Jerusalem in 1939, earned her Ph.D. at the Weizmann Institute of Science and has worked in Israel her whole life. She said on Wednesday that she was both surprised and not surprised at being awarded a Nobel Prize.

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]]> http://www.shakeeltariq.com/2009/10/08/3-win-nobel-for-ribosome-research-2/feed/ 0 3 Win Nobel for Ribosome Research http://www.shakeeltariq.com/2009/10/08/3-win-nobel-for-ribosome-research-3/ http://www.shakeeltariq.com/2009/10/08/3-win-nobel-for-ribosome-research-3/#comments Thu, 08 Oct 2009 01:33:00 +0000 Shakeel Tariq 3 Win Nobel for Ribosome Research – NYTimes.com
Three scientists who showed how the information encoded on strands of DNA is translated into the thousands of proteins that make up living matter will share the 2009 Nobel Prize for Chemistry, the Swedish Academy of Sciences said Wednesday.

The trio are Venkatraman Ramakrishnan of the M.R.C. Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, England; Thomas A. Steitz of Yale University; and Ada E. Yonath of the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel. Each will get a third of the prize, worth 10 million Swedish kronors total, or $1.4 million, in a Dec. 10 ceremony in Stockholm.

Working independently and using, among other things, the X-rays generated by powerful particle accelerators and prodigious computer calculations, the three winners and their colleagues succeeded in mapping the locations of the hundreds of thousands of atoms in the giant molecular complexes inside cells known as ribosomes. In a news release, the Swedish academy said the three were being honored “for having showed what the ribosome looks like and how it functions at the atomic level.”

The work, scientists said, has had important medical implications. Some antibiotics work by gumming up the ribosomes of bacteria, allowing those bacteria to be stopped at no danger to their host. The ribosome research, the academy said, is being used to develop new antibiotics.

Dr. Ramakrishnan was born in Chidambaram, India, in 1952 and obtained his Ph.D. at Ohio University. He holds United States citizenship. Dr. Steitz was born in Milwaukee in 1940 and got his Ph.D. from Harvard.

Dr. Yonath was born in Jerusalem in 1939, earned her Ph.D. at the Weizmann Institute of Science and has worked in Israel her whole life. She said on Wednesday that she was both surprised and not surprised at being awarded a Nobel Prize.

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]]> http://www.shakeeltariq.com/2009/10/08/3-win-nobel-for-ribosome-research-3/feed/ 1 3 Win Nobel for Ribosome Research http://www.shakeeltariq.com/2009/10/08/3-win-nobel-for-ribosome-research-4/ http://www.shakeeltariq.com/2009/10/08/3-win-nobel-for-ribosome-research-4/#comments Thu, 08 Oct 2009 01:33:00 +0000 Shakeel Tariq 3 Win Nobel for Ribosome Research – NYTimes.com
Three scientists who showed how the information encoded on strands of DNA is translated into the thousands of proteins that make up living matter will share the 2009 Nobel Prize for Chemistry, the Swedish Academy of Sciences said Wednesday.

The trio are Venkatraman Ramakrishnan of the M.R.C. Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, England; Thomas A. Steitz of Yale University; and Ada E. Yonath of the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel. Each will get a third of the prize, worth 10 million Swedish kronors total, or $1.4 million, in a Dec. 10 ceremony in Stockholm.

Working independently and using, among other things, the X-rays generated by powerful particle accelerators and prodigious computer calculations, the three winners and their colleagues succeeded in mapping the locations of the hundreds of thousands of atoms in the giant molecular complexes inside cells known as ribosomes. In a news release, the Swedish academy said the three were being honored “for having showed what the ribosome looks like and how it functions at the atomic level.”

The work, scientists said, has had important medical implications. Some antibiotics work by gumming up the ribosomes of bacteria, allowing those bacteria to be stopped at no danger to their host. The ribosome research, the academy said, is being used to develop new antibiotics.

Dr. Ramakrishnan was born in Chidambaram, India, in 1952 and obtained his Ph.D. at Ohio University. He holds United States citizenship. Dr. Steitz was born in Milwaukee in 1940 and got his Ph.D. from Harvard.

Dr. Yonath was born in Jerusalem in 1939, earned her Ph.D. at the Weizmann Institute of Science and has worked in Israel her whole life. She said on Wednesday that she was both surprised and not surprised at being awarded a Nobel Prize.

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]]> http://www.shakeeltariq.com/2009/10/08/3-win-nobel-for-ribosome-research-4/feed/ 0 3 Win Nobel for Ribosome Research http://www.shakeeltariq.com/2009/10/08/3-win-nobel-for-ribosome-research-5/ http://www.shakeeltariq.com/2009/10/08/3-win-nobel-for-ribosome-research-5/#comments Thu, 08 Oct 2009 01:33:00 +0000 Shakeel Tariq 3 Win Nobel for Ribosome Research – NYTimes.com
Three scientists who showed how the information encoded on strands of DNA is translated into the thousands of proteins that make up living matter will share the 2009 Nobel Prize for Chemistry, the Swedish Academy of Sciences said Wednesday.

The trio are Venkatraman Ramakrishnan of the M.R.C. Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, England; Thomas A. Steitz of Yale University; and Ada E. Yonath of the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel. Each will get a third of the prize, worth 10 million Swedish kronors total, or $1.4 million, in a Dec. 10 ceremony in Stockholm.

Working independently and using, among other things, the X-rays generated by powerful particle accelerators and prodigious computer calculations, the three winners and their colleagues succeeded in mapping the locations of the hundreds of thousands of atoms in the giant molecular complexes inside cells known as ribosomes. In a news release, the Swedish academy said the three were being honored “for having showed what the ribosome looks like and how it functions at the atomic level.”

The work, scientists said, has had important medical implications. Some antibiotics work by gumming up the ribosomes of bacteria, allowing those bacteria to be stopped at no danger to their host. The ribosome research, the academy said, is being used to develop new antibiotics.

Dr. Ramakrishnan was born in Chidambaram, India, in 1952 and obtained his Ph.D. at Ohio University. He holds United States citizenship. Dr. Steitz was born in Milwaukee in 1940 and got his Ph.D. from Harvard.

Dr. Yonath was born in Jerusalem in 1939, earned her Ph.D. at the Weizmann Institute of Science and has worked in Israel her whole life. She said on Wednesday that she was both surprised and not surprised at being awarded a Nobel Prize.

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]]> http://www.shakeeltariq.com/2009/10/08/3-win-nobel-for-ribosome-research-5/feed/ 0